Using wearable technology in biohacking

Using wearable technology in biohacking Biohacking is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of practices aimed at improving health, cognitive function, and overall health and well-being. At its core, biohacking is about understanding the complex systems of the human body and finding ways to optimize them through lifestyle changes, supplementation, and cutting-edge technology. Wearable technology has revolutionized the biohacking, providing users with access to real-time health data.  Join our Online Workshops: Understanding wearable technology Wearable technology includes devices that are worn on the body and equipped with sensors to monitor various physiological parameters. These devices collect data that can be used to track physical fitness levels, monitor sleep patterns, assess stress, and even detect early signs of potential diseases..  The evolution of wearable technology has been driven by the integration of sensor technologies, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, making it more precise, accessible, and user-friendly. From smartwatches to implantable devices, wearables offer a wide array of tools for biohackers to track, monitor, and optimize their health. Types of wearable technology used in biohacking Fitness trackers and smartwatches Fitness trackers and smartwatches are among the most popular forms of wearable technology used in biohacking.  Devices like Fitbit, Garmin, and Apple Watch track a wide range of metrics, including steps, calories burned, heart rate, and sleep patterns. They enable users to set personalized goals, monitor progress, and receive customized coaching. Advanced models even provide ECG readings and blood oxygen saturation, making them ideal for biohackers focused on improving fitness and cardiovascular health. A study published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research found that using a fitness tracker can lead to a significant increase in daily step count and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Sleep tracking devices Quality sleep is critical for health and performance, and sleep tracking devices help biohackers optimize their sleep patterns. Devices like the Oura Ring and Withings Sleep Analyzer monitor sleep cycles. They provide detailed data on deep sleep, REM sleep, sleep disturbances, heart rate variability, and body temperature. This data helps users make informed decisions on sleep hygiene, bedtime routines, and other interventions to improve sleep quality. Glucose monitors for diet optimization For biohackers focusing on diet optimization, continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) like the Abbott Freestyle Libre and Dexcom G6 are invaluable tools. These devices provide real-time data on blood glucose levels, allowing users to understand how their diet and lifestyle impact blood sugar. By monitoring blood sugar fluctuations, individuals can identify trigger foods, optimize their meal timing, and prevent the onset of metabolic disorders such as diabetes. ECG and blood pressure monitors Wearables such as the KardiaMobile and Omron HeartGuide offer ECG and blood pressure monitoring, which are essential for individuals interested in monitoring cardiovascular health. Biohackers can use this data to detect early signs of heart disease, manage hypertension, and assess the impact of fitness routines on cardiovascular function. Heart rate variability (HRV) monitors Heart rate variability (HRV) monitors, such as the Polar H10 and Firstbeat Bodyguard 2 are used to assess stress levels and overall health. HRV refers to the variation in time between consecutive heartbeats, and a high HRV is generally associated with better cardiovascular health and resilience to stress.  By monitoring HRV, individuals can gain insights into their body’s response to various stressors, such as exercise, work, and relationships, and take proactive steps to manage their stress levels. EEG headsets for brainwave monitoring For those looking to enhance cognitive function, EEG headsets like the Muse or Emotiv Insight, monitor brainwave activity. These devices use advanced sensors to measure electrical activity in the brain, providing users with real-time feedback on their mental states, such as focus, relaxation, and meditation. Implantable devices Some biohackers take wearable technology a step further with implantable devices. These are typically small devices implanted under the skin to monitor various biometrics continuously. While more invasive, implantable devices like NFC chips or smart tattoos offer a more integrated, long-term solution for health monitoring. Smart clothing Smart clothing wearables like Hexoskin or OMsignal, also known as e-textiles or intelligent garments, integrate electronic components such as sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers directly into fabrics. These wearables can monitor a range of physiological and biomechanical parameters, including heart rate, muscle activity, breathing patterns, and movement dynamics. Benefits of using wearable technology in biohacking Personalized health monitoring and data analysis Wearable technology provides biohackers with highly personalized health data. Devices collect real-time information that can be used to track vital signs, sleep patterns, and physical activity. This allows users to tailor their biohacking interventions to their unique needs, providing more precise results. Real-time feedback for immediate adjustments Wearables give users real-time feedback, allowing for immediate adjustments to their lifestyle or routine. For example, a drop in heart rate variability (HRV) could prompt a biohacker to reduce stress, while poor sleep data might encourage adjustments in bedtime habits or room conditions. Goal tracking and motivation enhancement Many wearables offer goal-tracking features, enabling biohackers to set and measure specific health and performance targets. Whether it’s improving step count, achieving optimal sleep cycles, or reducing blood pressure, these devices offer motivation through progress tracking and regular feedback. Early detection of health anomalies By continuously monitoring key health metrics, wearables can detect anomalies before they become serious problems. Devices capable of measuring heart rate, ECG, or blood glucose levels can alert users to potential issues such as arrhythmias, hypertension, or blood sugar fluctuations, enabling early intervention. How to choose the right wearable for your biohacking goals? Identify your biohacking objectives Compare features of popular wearable devices Budget considerations User-friendly interfaces and data accessibility Accuracy and reliability of the data collected  Battery life and charging requirements Device’s compatibility with your existing ecosystem of apps and devices  Durability, comfort, and aesthetics Tips for integrating multiple devices As your biohacking toolkit expands, you may find yourself using multiple wearables simultaneously to gain a more comprehensive understanding of your health and performance.  To ensure seamless integration and avoid data silos, prioritize devices that offer robust API support and third-party app integrations.

What are nootropics, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers or brain supplements?

What are nootropics, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers or brain supplements? What are nootropics? Nootropics, often called “smart drugs” or “cognitive enhancers,” are substances that aim to improve brain function. These can range from naturally occurring compounds, like herbs and amino acids, to synthetic compounds created in laboratories. Nootropics are used for enhancing cognitive abilities such as memory, focus, creativity, and motivation, making them highly popular among students, professionals, people who practice biohacking and anyone looking for a mental edge. Nootropics are divided into two broad categories: natural nootropics, which include herbal extracts and certain foods, and synthetic nootropics, which are man-made compounds designed to target specific brain functions.  Join our Online Workshops: The science behind how nootropics work in the brain Nootropics affect brain functions by interacting with the brain’s neurotransmitters, enzymes, and hormones, among other chemical pathways. These substances often target specific areas of brain function such as memory, alertness, and focus. Here’s a breakdown of how they work: Neurotransmitter Modulation: Many nootropics work by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, which are key to motivation, learning, and mood regulation. Increased Cerebral Blood Flow: Some nootropics enhance blood circulation in the brain, ensuring that brain cells receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, boosting mental clarity and focus. Neuroprotection: Nootropics can help protect neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress or toxins, potentially reducing cognitive decline associated with aging. Neuroplasticity Enhancement: Certain nootropics enhance the brain’s ability to form new synapses, which is crucial for learning and memory retention. Each nootropic targets different pathways, so combining or “stacking” them can often produce a more comprehensive effect. However, their effectiveness depends on the specific mechanism of action, dosage, and individual response. Brief history and origin of nootropic supplements The term “nootropic” was first coined in 1972 by Romanian psychologist and chemist Dr. Corneliu Giurgea. Giurgea defined nootropics as substances that could enhance learning, improve memory, and protect the brain from injury without causing significant side effects. The roots of nootropics, however, can be traced back to ancient cultures, which used herbs and natural compounds to enhance cognitive abilities. Traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda relied on herbal remedies like ginkgo biloba and ashwagandha to boost mental clarity and reduce cognitive fatigue. In the 20th century, synthetic nootropics emerged, with drugs like Piracetam becoming popular. Initially developed as treatments for cognitive impairments, they soon found widespread use among healthy individuals seeking enhanced mental performance. Today, the nootropic industry has grown into a multibillion-dollar market, fueled by the increasing demand for cognitive improvement. Natural nootropics for memory and focus Natural nootropics come from plants, herbs, and certain food compounds that have long been used in traditional medicine for their cognitive-enhancing properties. They are often considered safer and more sustainable for long-term use compared to synthetic alternatives. Here are some well-known natural nootropics: Ginkgo Biloba: Enhances memory and focus by increasing blood flow to the brain. Bacopa Monnieri: Known for improving memory retention and cognitive function. Rhodiola Rosea: Helps combat fatigue and improve mental stamina. Lion’s Mane Mushroom: Stimulates nerve growth factor, promoting neuroplasticity and brain repair. L-Theanine (found in green tea): Promotes relaxation and focus by reducing anxiety without causing drowsiness. Foods that act as natural nootropics Certain foods are naturally rich in compounds that support brain health. Including these in your diet can offer cognitive benefits similar to natural nootropics: Blueberries: Packed with antioxidants that help protect the brain from oxidative stress and improve memory. Turmeric: Contains curcumin, which is anti-inflammatory and may support cognitive function. Eggs: Rich in choline, which is a precursor to acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter for memory and learning. Dark Chocolate: Contains flavonoids that increase blood flow to the brain and enhance cognitive function. Fatty Fish: High in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for brain health and preventing cognitive decline. Synthetic nootropics: Do they really work? Synthetic nootropics are lab-created compounds that are designed to target specific cognitive functions. While they often promise quick and potent effects, their long-term safety and effectiveness are still debated. Some of the most popular synthetic nootropics include Piracetam, Modafinil, and Adderall. Popular synthetic nootropics explained Piracetam: Considered the first synthetic nootropic, it is often used to improve memory and learning. Modafinil: A prescription drug used to treat narcolepsy, it’s popular for increasing alertness and preventing fatigue. Noopept: A powerful synthetic known for enhancing memory and learning at a much smaller dosage than Piracetam. Adderall: A stimulant prescribed for ADHD that’s commonly misused for its focus-enhancing effects. Are synthetic nootropics safe for daily use? The safety of synthetic nootropics depends on the substance and dosage. Some nootropics like Modafinil are prescription-only due to their powerful effects and potential for addiction or dependency. Common side effects of synthetic nootropics can include: Insomnia Anxiety Increased heart rate Dependency (especially with stimulants like Adderall) While occasional use may be beneficial for some, using synthetic nootropics daily without medical supervision can lead to long-term health risks, including tolerance and cognitive decline. Comparing natural vs. synthetic nootropics Natural Nootropics: Generally safer for long-term use, with fewer side effects. They may offer cumulative benefits but often act more subtly and slowly. Synthetic Nootropics: Tend to have stronger, faster effects, but with a higher risk of side effects, especially with prolonged use. Many are prescription-only or controlled substances in various countries. Side effects of nootropics While many people use nootropics safely, both natural and synthetic compounds can have side effects. Common side effects include: Headaches: Often caused by overuse or imbalance in neurotransmitter levels. Insomnia: Particularly with stimulant-based nootropics like Modafinil or Adderall. Digestive Issues: Some nootropics can cause stomach upset or nausea. Anxiety and Irritability: Overstimulation of certain neurotransmitters can cause mood disturbances. It’s essential to use nootropics in moderation and consult a healthcare provider before starting a new regimen, especially if synthetic compounds are involved. Do nootropics really work? Nootropics work for many people, but the effectiveness can vary widely based on the individual and the type of nootropic used. For

Nutrigenomics: How your DNA influences your diet

Nutrigenomics: How your DNA influences your diet In today’s world of personalized health, biohacking and wellness, nutrigenomics is gaining attention for its ability to revolutionize how we approach nutrition. Imagine a diet tailored specifically to your genetic makeup, optimizing your health and well-being in ways you never thought possible.  This cutting-edge field combines nutrition and genomics to create dietary plans that cater to the unique needs of your DNA. By understanding how your genes influence the way your body processes nutrients, nutrigenomics offers a powerful tool for achieving optimal health and preventing chronic diseases. In this article, we’ll explore the science of nutrigenomics, its potential benefits, how it differs from traditional nutrition, and how you can get started on a path to a diet based on your genetics. Join our Online Workshops: What is nutrigenomics? Definition of nutrigenomics Nutrigenomics is the scientific study of how individual genetic variations affect a person’s response to nutrients and diet. It’s a blend of two fields: nutrition and genomics. The primary goal of nutrigenomics is to understand how genetic differences influence nutrient absorption, metabolism, and utilization, ultimately leading to personalized nutrition recommendations. The science behind nutrigenomics Our genes dictate various aspects of how our bodies function, including how we metabolize fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Nutrigenomics investigates the interaction between specific genes and dietary components, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, to understand how these interactions influence health outcomes. For example, while some individuals may metabolize caffeine quickly, others process it slowly due to genetic variants, which can lead to different health impacts depending on their consumption habits. Why is nutrigenomics important? Genetics, health, and nutrition Every individual has a unique genetic makeup that determines how their body responds to different nutrients. Nutrigenomics provides insights into these genetic differences, allowing for tailored dietary interventions that optimize health based on genetic predispositions. This field is particularly important because it moves away from the one-size-fits-all approach to nutrition, acknowledging that what works for one person may not work for another. Personalized diets based on DNA With the insights from nutrigenomic testing, healthcare providers can create personalized diet plans designed to suit an individual’s genetic profile. For instance, if you have a gene that affects how your body processes certain fats, you might benefit from a diet that limits fat intake and emphasizes other sources of energy, such as carbohydrates or proteins. This kind of customization can help prevent health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, which are often influenced by both genetics and diet. Preventing chronic diseases Many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, are influenced by both genetics and lifestyle factors like diet. By identifying genetic predispositions through nutrigenomics, individuals can take preventive measures early in life. This proactive approach can reduce the risk of developing these conditions, paving the way for better long-term health. How does nutrigenomics work? The role of genes in nutrition Genes play a critical role in determining how your body metabolizes and responds to nutrients. They influence everything from how quickly you absorb vitamins to how efficiently your body burns fat for energy. Variations in specific genes, known as genetic polymorphisms, can have significant impacts on dietary needs. For example, some people carry variants of the MTHFR gene, which affects the body’s ability to metabolize folic acid—a vital nutrient for many cellular functions. These individuals may require higher folate intake to meet their body’s needs. Genetic variants affecting diet Here are a few common examples of genetic variants that impact diet: Lactose Intolerance: Many people have a variant in the LCT gene, which affects the production of lactase, an enzyme needed to digest lactose. Those with this variant may need to avoid dairy products or seek lactose-free alternatives. Gluten Sensitivity: Some individuals have genetic variations that predispose them to celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, affecting how their body processes gluten. Caffeine Metabolism: Variants in the CYP1A2 gene determine how quickly your body metabolizes caffeine. People with a slow metabolism of caffeine may be more prone to anxiety, insomnia, or increased risk of heart disease if they consume too much caffeine. Nutrigenomic testing The process of genetic testing Getting started with nutrigenomics typically involves a simple at-home genetic test. The test usually requires a saliva or cheek swab sample, which is then analyzed in a laboratory to identify specific genetic markers that relate to nutrition and health. Interpreting and applying results Once the results are available, a healthcare professional or nutritionist will interpret them to provide personalized dietary advice. For example, if the test reveals a predisposition to low vitamin D levels, you might be advised to increase your intake of foods rich in vitamin D or consider supplementation. These personalized recommendations can help individuals make informed choices about their diet and lifestyle. Is nutrigenomic testing safe? Safety and accuracy Nutrigenomic testing is generally considered safe and non-invasive. The tests use advanced technology to analyze DNA with a high level of accuracy. However, it’s essential to choose reputable companies and work with qualified professionals to interpret the results correctly. While the science behind nutrigenomics is still evolving, it has shown great promise in offering personalized nutrition advice. Benefits of nutrigenomics Personalized diet plans for optimal health One of the greatest advantages of nutrigenomics is its ability to tailor diet plans to an individual’s genetic profile. Whether you’re looking to lose weight, gain muscle, or manage a specific health condition, nutrigenomics can provide actionable insights that allow for a more targeted and effective approach. For example: Weight Loss: If your genetic profile shows a tendency to store fat more easily, your diet plan may focus on lowering fat intake and increasing physical activity. Muscle Gain: Athletes can benefit from nutrigenomic insights by fine-tuning their intake of proteins and other nutrients to match their body’s genetic makeup for muscle building. Disease prevention By identifying genetic predispositions early, nutrigenomics can play a crucial role in preventing diseases like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Through targeted nutritional

Biohacking diet and nutrigenomics: Unlock your body’s full potential

Biohacking diet and nutrigenomics: Unlock your body’s full potential In recent years, biohacking has gained significant attention as people explore ways to optimize their health, performance, and longevity. Among the various biohacking strategies, diet is one of the most accessible and effective ways to begin this journey. A biohacking diet focuses on personalizing nutrition, experimenting with different eating habits, and incorporating supplements to achieve desired outcomes. What is a biohacking diet? A biohacking diet involves personalizing your food intake based on your individual biology, preferences, and goals. It incorporates techniques like intermittent fasting, nutrient-dense eating, gut health optimization, and targeted supplementation to enhance health and performance. Join our Online Workshops: Why does biohacking your diet matter? Benefits for health, longevity, and performance: Enhanced cognitive function Increased energy and productivity Improved digestion and gut health Better metabolic function Longer lifespan with reduced risk of age-related diseases Who can benefit from a biohacking diet? Anyone looking to improve their health can benefit from a biohacking diet, from beginners to advanced health enthusiasts. Whether your goal is weight loss, muscle gain, better sleep, or cognitive improvement, biohacking offers customizable solutions. Core principles of the biohacking diet Personalization is key The most important aspect of the biohacking diet is personalization. What works for one person may not work for another, so it’s essential to tailor your diet to your body’s unique needs. This can involve: Genetic testing: To understand how your body processes different nutrients. Tracking technology: To monitor biomarkers such as blood sugar, ketones, and heart rate variability. Nutrient density over calorie counting Instead of focusing on calorie counting, biohackers prioritize nutrient density. This means consuming whole, unprocessed foods that are rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients like protein, healthy fats, and fiber. Superfoods: Incorporate nutrient-rich foods like blueberries, leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and medicinal mushrooms, known for their powerful health benefits. Protein-rich diet: Prioritizing protein helps with muscle repair, satiety, and metabolic function. Gut health optimization Your gut microbiome plays a crucial role in overall health, from digestion to immune function. A biohacking diet emphasizes gut-friendly foods and supplements: Probiotics and prebiotics: Found in fermented foods like yogurt, sauerkraut, and kimchi, these support a healthy gut microbiome. Fiber intake: Boosting fiber from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables promotes digestive health and regularity. Intermittent fasting and meal timing Fasting is a core component of many biohacking diets, as it can enhance metabolic health and longevity. Some popular fasting protocols include: Time-restricted eating: Consuming all meals within a specific window, like 8 hours, followed by 16 hours of fasting. Extended fasting: Going without food for 24-48 hours to trigger autophagy, a process where the body cleanses damaged cells. Getting started with biohacking your diet Setting clear health goals Before starting a biohacking diet, it’s important to define your goals. Whether you’re aiming to lose weight, improve mental clarity, or increase muscle mass, setting measurable goals will help track your progress. Tracking and measuring progress Using wearable tech or apps can help track key metrics like blood sugar levels, ketone production, heart rate, and sleep patterns. This data provides real-time feedback on how your biohacking diet is impacting your body. Eliminating processed foods and toxins Removing processed foods, artificial ingredients, and toxins from your diet is a fundamental principle of biohacking. Focus on whole, unprocessed foods, and learn to read labels effectively to avoid harmful additives. Incorporating superfoods and supplements Biohackers often include supplements like magnesium, probiotics, Vitamin B, and adaptogenic mushrooms to support optimal performance. Advanced biohacking diet techniques Nutrigenomics: eating according to your DNA Nutrigenomics is the study of how your genes influence your response to nutrients. By conducting genetic testing, you can tailor your diet to your specific genetic makeup, optimizing your health outcomes. Time-restricted eating Aligning your meals with your circadian rhythms can optimize digestion, energy levels, and metabolic health. Time-restricted eating is an advanced biohacking strategy for those looking to fine-tune meal timing. Incorporating nootropics Nootropics are supplements that enhance cognitive function. Natural options like caffeine, L-theanine, and medicinal mushrooms (e.g., lion’s mane) are commonly used by biohackers to boost brain performance.   Is the biohacking diet safe? Biohacking diets can be safe when approached mindfully and with proper research. However, it’s important to: Monitor nutrient intake to avoid deficiencies. Consult a healthcare professional if you’re making significant dietary changes, especially if you have underlying health conditions.   How quickly will I see results? The time frame for seeing results varies depending on the individual and the specific biohacking diet you’re following. Some people may experience benefits like improved energy and mental clarity within a few days, while others may need weeks or months to see substantial changes.   Potential risks and how to avoid them Overdoing fasting or dietary restrictions Too much fasting or extreme dietary restrictions can lead to nutrient deficiencies. It’s essential to balance discipline with flexibility and listen to your body’s needs. Understanding bio-individuality Everybody is different, and biohacking diets should be adjusted to suit your individual biology. Not all protocols will work for everyone, and that’s okay. When to consult a healthcare professional? It’s crucial to seek medical advice if you experience adverse effects or if you’re unsure whether a particular diet is right for you. Biohack your diet and monitor results A biohacking diet can unlock your body’s full potential by personalizing your nutrition, focusing on nutrient-dense foods, optimizing gut health, and incorporating advanced techniques like fasting, keto, and nutrigenomics.  Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced health enthusiast, biohacking allows you to take control of your diet and experiment with what works best for your body. The key to success lies in personalization, tracking progress, and remaining flexible in your approach. Subscribe to the FOREVEROLIMUS Newsletter Sign up to join 500,000+ other subscribers and receive regular emails on neuroscience, health and science-related topics.

Teaser from the Book “Longevity”

Teaser from the Book “Longevity” While investigating the aging process and attempting to treat its sometimes-incurable effects, scientists identified a number of vital pathways and molecular targets that seem very promising for pharmacological approaches in longevity. These pathways, involved in cellular metabolism homeostasis, energy balance control, stress management and longevity become a very attractive target for novel pharmaceutics focused on making sure the longer lives of humans would be healthy. Among these targets, the mTOR pathway can be considered the most outstanding. mTOR is a key controller of cell growth, metabolism, and protein production that integrates nutrient signals, growth factor signaling and signalosome activated by cell stress. Lifespan extension and healthy age-related decline have been ascribed to inhibition of mTOR activity in model organisms, justifying this pathway as a likely anti-aging target. Another group of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, known as sirtuins, has also attracted much interest. Sirtuins, which function in different processes of the cells such as DNA repair and metabolism also act to extend lifespan among various model organisms. In preclinical studies, Sirtuins activators like resveratrol have been shown promise as anti-aging therapeutics. The other important actor in the cellular energy balancing act and metabolic regulation is the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). When activated, AMPK allows cells to become more resistant to the stress resulting from energy deprivation and increases the rate of ATP generation while inhibiting ATP-consuming processes. It provides evidence that pharmacological activation of AMPK increases lifespan and enhances metabolism in model systems, thus suggesting a possible avenue for anti-aging interventions. The role of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway is related to controlling metabolism, growth, and aging. Decreased activity through this pathway has been linked to prolonged lifespan and improved health span in model organisms, encouraging the use of interventions that target modifications of insulin/IGF-1 signaling as a potential avenue for antiaging strategies. Autophagy, a process by which cells degrade and recycle various aged or defective cellular species to maintain homeostasis as being integral to the aging process. Increased autophagy by pharmacological approaches is associated with extra lifespan and health span in some model organisms. The role of the mitochondria in cellular energy production and metabolism decreases with age to explain this process. Various approaches that can be used to maintain mitochondrial function or even boosts Mito Biogenesis are prospective anti-aging interventions. The phenomenon of cellular senescence defined by irreversible cell cycle arrest and with a different spectrum of secretory phenotype plays an important role in making physiological changes associated with aging and age-related diseases. Specifically, elimination or SASP modulation through senolytic agents can increase longevity thus leading to healthy aging. The unveiling of important pathways and targets that play critical roles in regulating aging has provided promising opportunities for the creation of pharmacological intervention products, which have potential to promote a healthy ageing phenomenon as well as increase longevity. In addition, investigation of these pathways and modulation of them may give opportunity to change the attitude towards aging as well as age-related diseases opening new perspective for future where elderly become not only inevitable but manageable. d) Promising Pharmacological Agents To achieve the goal of prolonging human lifespan and improving healthspan, the scientists have ventured into pharmacology by investigating several drugs that may show unique properties. This mission has resulted to the search of various important substances, each having distinct mechanisms and benefits. These include rapamycin, metformin, resveratrol, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) precursors, senolytics and calorie restriction mimics. Decoding the mechanisms and consequences of these pharmacological agents is deemed essential in clarifying potential Utility for human well-being and longevity. Join our Online Workshops: Subscribe to the FOREVEROLIMUS Newsletter Sign up to join 500,000+ other subscribers and receive regular emails on neuroscience, health and science-related topics.